Nation states act as a buffer and check on the power of centralized world government institutions. We should acknowledge the quest for imperial world conquest which is as old as ‘civilization’ itself. Today the transnational capitalist class (Sklair) is the world’s ruling class, pushing global-national hyper-market liberalization and privatization of national infrastructure in its neoliberal approach to governance, and it has the World Bank and International Monetary Fund as world government institutions to enforce such anti-social and dehumanizing programs and measures.
Nation states also divide political territory into units which promote global cultural diversity. This has an humanizing effect as humans are a territorial political animal at heart and in essence, with a need for a sense of belonging, property and to have an agency to exert control over one’s political destiny in micro and macro economics and politics. It is not an inherent trait of human nature to exploit peoples using national spending and resources to do so. We should separate the concept of nation states from nationalistic imperialism. The two need not go hand in hand, even if this is how they were forged. I argue for the possibility and necessity for an altruistic conception of nation states—nation states as altruistic—in their interrelationships both within and across nations.
Firstly, what is the proper relationship between democratic institutional frameworks and nations as such? As humanising and acting as a bulwark against oligarchical class hegemony, we should implement representative democracy on each of the five spatial levels: local, state, federal (national), regional and global. Each spatial level of democracy acts as a power break on every other democratic spatial level.
Regional and global levels can constitute national representatives voting on policy and be held accountable by their respective national constituencies. Thus we could say and conceptualise that nation states are the prime, authentic centres of proletariat powers, as they are the political territories with the highest degree of political democratic representation of the world’s peoples that is divided into nation states in this way. Conceiving of the nation-state in this way puts the necessary checks and balances on supra oligarchical hegemony of the threat of (hyper) centralised regional and global government from both forms of right-wing and left-wing (supra-national power-centralisation) variants.
In order for nations to discharge their duties in order to effect and embody altruism, currently privileged nations need to boost economic aid and political aid especially to the underprivileged peoples of currently impoverished nations. Political aid constitutes supporting unions and rank-and-file organising. Nation states simultaneously need to care for their own domestic poleis and their constituencies through ongoing progressive reform.
Currently nation states reflect and embody vast inequalities, particularly between the global north and south, with the north generally exploiting the south with vast inequalities in wealth and military power(s). The socialist revolution must seek to equalize the wealth-gap per capita, across nations – there is the need for internationalist solidarity between peoples, where progressive national political parties and grass-roots movements ally and/or show solidarity between people of all nations.
As it currently stands, under global and national capitalist ascendancy, nation states oppress other nation states through accruing differential advantage and are ‘capital accumulators’. There is also economic oppression and vast inequalities intra or within nation states. Nation states currently serve, not without effective resistance in many cases, the world’s global rulers – the transnational capitalist class. The nation is a contested political space and territory, and a site of ‘class’ resistance. Nationalism tends more to be a disease with corruption, exploitation and a source of jingoism as current prevalent features, than a culturally humanizing project – but this insidious form of nationalism need not continue. National pride in ancestral legacy and cultural mores, are not in of themselves dehumanizing or without merit. Shared custom and belonging help to unite peoples and promote global and national cultural diversity. It is only the capitalist system which uses these national differences to divide people in a cynical and manipulative manner, with the coercive laws of capitalist competition and exploitation as the generative force for anti-social political praxis.
The nation state itself is becoming more pluralistic in terms of ethnicity, race, and culture, which if in conscious and sub-conscious opposition to capitalist commodity homogenization and McDonaldization, has some progressive traits, considering race and ethnicity are cultural constructs albeit important and meaningful ones, without being totalizing. These cultural categorizations will remain to some extent, since breeding occurs in locales more so than across large geographical distance(s). Fluidity and more reflexive creativity in ethnic and racial categorizations and diversifications will be a feature of the 21st century. Tolerance and difference with nation states are progressive manifestations and allow for cultural diversity within nations. However, there is still the need for positive unity around nationalism in terms of shared culture and geography, and ethnic and racial belongings; pride in diversity and difference within nations can and should itself contribute to a sense of national pride. There is a huge exigency to reclaim national space for First Nations People, and inaugurating Indigenous Days into public national celebrations is needed and the case for this could not be overstated.
It is a presumption of socialist ideology in itself that care and solidarity need to be extended to people of all countries, with rank-and-file workers’ organizations, and direct democracy—in the vein of Bookchin for example—the key political organs within nations which must yield political power, reflecting and putting into practice decentralized policy and legislative decision-making processes. Fresco was adamant that the earth’s resources should be declared the common heritage of the world’s peoples, and it is this mandate which should inform socialist countries and their nationalisms. The (nation) state should be controlled by workers, with the distinction between workers and owners under capitalism, made obsolete. Thus, everyone becomes a worker – everyone becomes working class – in democratic workplaces with fair principles of remuneration for the level of individual sacrifice and contribution, and nation states become sites of workers’ and the peoples’ power – sites of political, social, and economic equity.
There will always be a need for international institutions which can assist in the maintenance of substantive equality within and across nation states, with soft law treaties that can be ratified by any nation state, reflecting the interests of nations with regard to more global issues. However, socialist, at its core, need not be preclusive of the ‘resurrection’ of and revolution in inter and intra nation state equity and equality.
Internationalism must subsume ultra-nationalistic sentiment and praxis, and thereby humanizing nation-hood. Capitalist nation-hoods must become outmoded, obsolete, and antiquated by workers’/socialist nation-states.
A feature of universalised socialist nation state would be substantial de-militarisation. Military spending does not meet human needs, and is a prolific waster of resources. De-militarisation would likely have to work in a dialectical synchronistic way where organs of political power become democratised in each nation state.
We live in a post-colonial world, but one with neo-colonialism through international finance and multi-national corporate domination, and lingering imperialism (neo-imperialism) such as the 2003 Iraq war. Nation state powers have been implicated in this regime. So, to redeem nation states’ best features we will need to capture them by social justice forces as well as to achieve a revolution in human consciousness, as it is in the holistic interests of all to achieve a more enlightened sociality.
